Fine detail decides whether a distant sign or a thin lane marking is readable. We measure spatial frequency response (SFR) across the field of view to quantify resolving power and where it falls off toward the edges.

A camera leaving a dark tunnel into bright sunlight has to hold detail in both at once. We evaluate dynamic range with the IEEE 2020 method, designed to deal with flare and unknown tone curves where older approaches fall short.

Noise sets the floor for everything an algorithm can detect, especially in low light. We characterize noise and signal-to-noise ratio so you know how the system behaves from bright daylight down to near-darkness.

LED headlamps, traffic signs, and signals are pulse-width modulated and can flicker or disappear in a camera feed. We test the system's ability to mitigate flicker — and to faithfully reproduce signals that should blink, such as turn indicators and emergency lights.

Surround-view stitching and object placement depend on an accurate camera model. We validate geometric calibration and characterize distortion across wide and ultra-wide fields of view.