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    Access our library of white papers, conference papers, and instructional videos.

    White Papers

    4 items available

    PhoneCam 2025 - Whitepaper

    61 PagesMay 2026

    This document contains the technical specifications and test methods of the VCX Forum PhoneCam 2025.

    Printer and Print Life Tests

    11 PagesOctober 2023

    Comprehensive guide to printer quality testing and print longevity assessment. Learn industry-standard methodologies for evaluating printer performance and output quality.

    IEEE P2020 Standard Explained

    32 PagesFebruary 2018

    Deep dive into the IEEE P2020 automotive imaging standard, explaining key metrics, test procedures, and implementation guidelines.

    Camera Tests

    34 PagesJanuary 2006

    Advanced camera testing techniques for automotive, mobile, and industrial applications. Explore comprehensive testing methodologies for modern camera systems.

    Product Catalogs

    3 items available

    Image Engineering product catalog 2025/26

    74 PagesJuly 2026

    (English version)

    Image Engineering product catalog 2025/26

    74 PagesJuly 2026

    (Japanese version)

    Image Engineering product catalog 2025/26

    74 PagesJuly 2026

    Chinese version

    Diploma Theses

    1 item available

    Investigation on Image Quality Degradation due to Movement in Automotive Cameras

    65 PagesJuly 2024

    Bachelor thesis by Julian Kremming & Mike Kupezki analyzing the influence of vehicle movement on effective resolution in automotive camera systems.

    Conference Papers

    9 items available

    Acceptance levels for image quality factors

    6 PagesJanuary 2026

    Determining the lowest light level at which a camera still delivers acceptable image quality requires well-defined tolerance thresholds for all relevant factors. This paper presents a psychophysical study comparing expert and non-expert evaluations across photographic and security-camera use cases to establish application-specific acceptance limits. The results provide a foundation for understanding how image quality degrades as light decreases and where compensation mechanisms reach their limits.

    ISO TC42 process for the selection of representative skin tones

    6 PagesApril 2025

    Members of several working groups within the ISO Technical Committee 42 (photography) have begun addressing the important topic of providing guidance for which skin tones to use for image quality testing in various photographic applications.

    HDR Printing, how to produce and display extreme contrast levels

    2 PagesJanuary 2025

    Determining the lowest light level at which a camera still delivers acceptable image quality requires well-defined tolerance thresholds for all relevant factors. This paper presents a psychophysical study comparing expert and non-expert evaluations across photographic and security-camera use cases to establish application-specific acceptance limits. The results provide a foundation for understanding how image quality degrades as light decreases and where compensation mechanisms reach their limits.

    Measurement of Noise Equivalent Quanta (NEQ) Using the Dead Leaves Technique

    7 PagesJanuary 2024

    Noise Equivalent Quanta (NEQ) is an objective Fourier metric which evaluates the performance of an imaging system by detailing the effective equivalent quanta of an exposure versus spatial frequency.

    Influence of the Light Source on the Image Sensor Characterization according to EMVA 1288

    4 PagesJanuary 2023

    Machine-vision systems rely on accurate sensor characterization, yet the EMVA 1288 standard's use of monochrome illumination raises important questions about real-world comparability. This study examines how different light sources influence key measurement results and shows that only quantum efficiency and related parameters are affected. Using broadband illumination can therefore offer more practical insight into application-specific performance.

    VCX Version 2023

    6 PagesJanuary 2023

    The latest transparent and objective mobile phone test scheme

    VCX Version 2020 - Further development of a transparent and objective evaluation scheme for mobile phone cameras

    5 PagesJanuary 2021

    VCX or Valued Camera eXperience is a nonprofit organization dedicated to the objective and transparent evaluation of mobile phone cameras.

    Corner cases and limitations using a DOE based geometric camera calibration

    4 PagesJanuary 2021

    Diffractive-optics-based geometric camera calibration has opened the door to highly compact, easy-to-use setups capable of capturing precise dot-grid patterns from virtual infinity. This paper explores the method's untapped potential, from extreme wide-FOV calibration to large entrance pupils and automotive distances, while addressing key limitations such as infinity-only measurement and chromatic constraints. Several practical solutions are presented to extend the technique beyond distortion measurement toward richer system characterization.

    Differences of digital camera resolution metrology to describe noise reduction artifacts

    12 PagesMarch 2011

    Noise reduction in digital cameras significantly affects image quality by reducing low-contrast details, often perceived as texture blur. This study compares different spatial frequency response (SFR) measurement methods, showing that adaptive filtering leads to varying results depending on the test target. The differences between methods are analyzed to better characterize how noise reduction impacts specific spatial frequency bands.

    Tech Notes

    1 item available

    GEOCAL Benchmark

    12 PagesApril 2026

    Comparing Geometric Calibration Methods

    Data & Tools

    2 items available

    iQ-Analyzer-X software V1.11.1 beta (Windows 64bit installer)

    1 PagesJuly 2026

    The Light-Version provides you with a limited functioning analysis software.

    iQ-Analyzer-X software V1.11.0 (Windows 64bit installer)

    1 PagesJuly 2026

    The Light-Version provides you with a limited functioning analysis software.

    Video Archive

    3 items available

    IEEE-P2020: Flare Testing

    May 2026

    How Image Engineering measures lens flare for automotive cameras under the IEEE-P2020 standard.

    IEEE-P2020: Noise Measurement

    May 2026

    Noise characterization for automotive image sensors following IEEE-P2020.

    IEEE-P2020: Dynamic Range

    May 2026

    Dynamic range testing methodology for ADAS and automotive cameras under IEEE-P2020.