As the automotive industry advances toward full automation, in-cabin monitoring systems, commonly known as driver and occupant monitoring systems (DMS/OMS), have become a key area of focus. Using cameras and sensors, these systems monitor the vehicle interior and the driver's response to the driving environment, improving both safety and comfort. By tracking driver alertness, they help reduce human-error accidents, for example, slowing the car when drowsiness is detected.
The importance of this technology is reflected in the European Union's General Safety Regulation (GSR), which mandates DMS in all new cars from 2024. As these systems become indispensable to road safety, manufacturers need reliable calibration and characterization solutions throughout development to guarantee the highest image quality and safety performance.
In-cabin systems capture video and images to assess occupant behavior and facial cues. They rely mainly on near-infrared (NIR) sensors with active illumination (e.g., LED or VCSEL, typically around 850 nm or 940 nm), ensuring accuracy in very low light without a visible source that would distract occupants. The captured data feeds into embedded machine vision software for tasks such as detecting drowsiness, gaze, hand position, seatbelt usage, child seats, and occupant posture for optimized airbag deployment.
When the vehicle drives autonomously, these systems can also support human-vision applications such as video calls or selfies. Increasingly, a single sensor combines RGB and IR functionality on one chip, an elegant solution that introduces new characterization challenges, making thorough testing under realistic conditions more important than ever.
